Paris Lee 

English 2201-027

6 April 2020 

Reflective Essay 

Introduction

During the period of this course we have had numerous papers to do and I feel I have become better or made less mistakes when writing. For the most part of this course I don’t think I struggles with much except trying to find the amount sources we needed for our papers, whether or not the sources were going to be credible, and the different sources we had to use. I feel these issues were challenging for me because we had to use different sources for our paper and sometimes, I couldn’t find the right source for what I needed or a source that didn’t have enough information. This issue hasn’t impacted my writing so far because I haven’t let it. I’ve prevailed through this and found sources that worked for me. I think the writing skills I’ve improved over this semester was just basically making sure my paper was in the right form and structure when it came to MLA format.  My strengths as a writer is knowing the information and being able to write a well form essay off of what I just read also knowing how to show correct in-text citations. Another strength I have is to paraphrase without actually copy and pasting or word for word from a source unless I’m doing in-text citation. The strengths show through my grades as well when the professor comments on any section and doesn’t have anything bad to say or say to fix it.

Rhetorical Analysis 

When first being introduced to the Rhetorical analysis I wasn’t too familiar with writing a paper on such a broad topic like the one we’re writing now because I didn’t know what a rhetorical analysis paper was.  But as we started to talk about and was presented with an article that we had to analyze, I soon gained knowledge. I learned that in rhetorical analysis paper you must be informative but also have some form of being persuasive. This form of writing is different from other writing styles because you’re basically trying to analyze the arguments of an article at which it is being presented and then writing about what you thought the author was saying in whatever the article is about. When writing other types of essays in college you’re analyzing them but the style of essay you might be writing may not include you to analyze but simply state which side of the argument you are on or what you agree with.  What I struggle with the most was the actual reading of the article because for one it was 20 pages but also because the language at which the article had was a bit difficult to understand. I had to read maybe 3 times to comprehend what the article was saying. The things I did well on were definitely the writing of the essay part because like I said I reread the article maybe 3 times so each time I read it I gained more knowledge and that knowledge I was able to write and make my information sound good. 

Exploratory Essay 

Writing this Exploratory essay, I learned new things about the field of work I’m going into. I learned new things and some facts I already had prior knowledge about. The Exploratory essay is different from other forms of writing because you’re specifically writing about a field/career of work that you intend to go into or study abroad in. The exploratory essay also lets you learn about the field of work you’re going into. This will allow you to pull information and facts and put them in an essay form that will inform your readers what your field of choice is. I believe it was fairly easy not to take a position on the topic because you are just listing and stating facts about your career. Being, the type of essay this is plays a role in other essays in college because when you’re looking for information you not just looking at one type of source you’re looking at 5 different types of sources that could potentially give you great information. This essay allows you when writing other essays allow you to dig deep and find information.  The thing I struggled most with was the different types of sources we had to use because the sources we had to use either didn’t give enough information or I couldn’t find a source that was tailored to the question I wanted to know. The overall essay I feel I did great on. 

Research Essay 

After writing my Research essay I learned that the paper must be very organized but also have a lot. of sources that back up your evidence and these sources have to be credible sources also. The research paper isn’t that different from other writing forms because in other writing forms you need evidence to back whatever the argument is and you need credible sources. and think other writing forms show this but the only difference was that for this research paper we had three arguments but those arguments we had to find solutions to whatever our problem was. It wasn’t difficult to find the information it was more difficult to find different sources that had more Information or different Information than what you already had. It was fairly easy to stick with one position. This type of essay plays a huge role in college because not only are you doing a paper but you are learning how to properly research and numerous amounts of information from different sources but also argue what side or position you are on. The things I struggled with was finding enough sources that didn’t give me the same Information or the least amount of information. I also struggled with the refutation because the prompt had the Information as of the main arguments so I was confused about if this was just a 4th main argument or something along that line until I emailed the professor and got the correct information I needed to fix my refutation for my second. draft. 

Multimodal Project 

I learned that when doing a multimodal project it has to be in a particular format meaning all slides have to be narrated, no more than 15 pictures, no more than 5 slides can have words, and the project should be no more than 5 minutes. This project is different from any other form of writing because first, it’s a PowerPoint project in which you are presenting. This is a project that we are doing based on our Research proposal paper. In any other form of writing or paper, I’ve never done a Power point that I would go hand with a paper.  For my topic, it was fairly easy to find a 30 second-1 minute because my topic is a very controversial subject so there was bound to. be videos out there that I could use. The thing I struggled with most was getting the project to be 5 mins because in the multimodal description it doesn’t say how long the narrated slides had to be and since my topic is very controversial I have a lot of great information meaning my main arguments were more than 250 words but more like 400 and up.  So, I don’t know how long my presentation will be because of my narrated slides because there wasn’t a clear understanding of how long the slides had to be but how long the presentation has to be. Now granted we’re not at school and we can’t present will he take off for the presentation being more than 5 minutes? The things I did well was just creating the project itself but for each slide taking my time and making sure this project was good quality. 

Conclusion 

After completing this course, I feel I could have done better with asking of more questions. I Feel after completing this course I’m most proud of myself for just staying self-motivated and maintaining an A in the course all semester. I feel the assignments we did they will reflect tremendously in the outside world because I know how to tackle problems and problem solve how to do certain task. Applying my knowledge from this course to other courses will allow me to know how to research correctly and or just know how to write papers especially when I get into some of my Major classes. For a person who might take this class in the future all I just say is stay focus and keep your head screwed on tight because this course can get hard if you make It and don’t pay attention but if you pay attention you’ll be alright. 

Paris Lee

English 1001-027

Research Proposal 

27 March 2020 

Pharmaceutical Industry 

Introduction 

My Research essay topic is about the Pharmaceutical industry and the major controversial problems they obtain and a way of trying to solve the many problems that surround the industry. My topic is about opioid addiction and I look deeper into the “Opioid Addictions” and how the pharmaceutical industry plays a role in that. The significance of this topic is in its name. The major problems that occurs while working in the Pharmaceutical industry is not just the fact that they prescribe and fill medication but that they prescribe and fill millions of people medications and out of that million maybe 100,000 of those people suffer from opioid addiction or end up getting addicted. It’s not that these big pharmaceutical industries don’t care its more that the business is moving so fast that those who become addicted fall through the cracks until something has been said. But multiple solutions have been thought of and has been put into work to reduce or help the opioid epidemic. How I will examine this topic as an argument, by seeing if the problem at which I’m examining is arguing a true problem, then I’ll know the topic is an argument. The main problems I will be Arguing about is: Legal Liability for opioid Addiction, Drug companies who prescribe the patients the medicine, and how can we solve the opioid addiction epidemic. Me solving the opioid addiction is not just for me to solve but to find solutions to help or reduce the rate of deaths or just simply becoming addicted to opioids. The audience at which I will be speaking to is more a along the line of big pharmaceutical industries. The purpose of my topic is to understand the reason in which pharmacies prescribe “painkillers” and why hasn’t anybody in the pharmaceutical drug business taken the initiative to stop the addiction of opioids or if they have what has been the solutions to solve this problem. 

Main Argument #1 

Over the last 2-3 years there has been an epidemic of drugs and people who use those drugs become addicts or had already been addicts and just become more addicted to taking those drugs. The problem is that, should the Pharmaceutical industry become more liable and be held accountable for the those who become addicted or should the person who become addicted be held accountable for taking the drug more than what it was needed for (Risk and insurance,2019)? The pharmaceutical industry produce an enormous amount of medication that is prescribe to an enormous amount of people. The legal liability of the pharmaceutical industry being blamed for the epidemic would result in pharmaceutical sales declining rapidly resulting in some pharmaceutical industries to shut down which then would result in companies being shut down and can’t produce specific medications for certain crowds of people. The opioid epidemic has claimed more than 300,000 lives in the United states since 2000 and could claim another half million over the next decade. Although heroin and illicitly manufactured fentanyl account for an increasing proportion of opioid-involved overdoses, the majority of persons with opioid addiction started with painkillers (The New England journal of medicine, 2017). The search for solutions has spread in many directions but the solution that would not only solve the problem of the opioid addiction but save the blame of pharmaceutical industries. The solution to solve this problem is to limit the amount of medicine one patient receives. The pharmacist could limit the amount of medicine one patient gets based on what their specific reason for taking the medicine is for. The pharmaceutical industry could create a guideline that would go across the board that would have patients sign a form that would say the specific medication and what it is used for and the amount of time they would have to take the medication meaning after that amount of time they will no longer receive medication for that specific need but instead an alternative for not using medication would be offered. Alternatives like rehab or something along that line that would give a better outlook than taking prescribe medication and that person become addicted to taking them. The benefits to this are simple the pharmaceutical industry won’t get blamed and be held accountable and there will be a slow decrease in the opioid epidemic if not a large or enormous decrease. The next paragraph will intel an agreement and a solution to that argument. 

Main Argument #2 

In this main argument I explain the solution to the opioid addiction and how the pharmaceutical industry can help or come up with an alternative to the opioid epidemic like I kind of explained in my main argument 1. In 2018 the data shows that every day, 128 people in the united states die after overdosing on opioids. The misuse of and addiction to opioids Including prescription pain relievers, heroin, and synthetic opioids such as fentanyl, is a serious national crisis that affects public health as well as social and economic welfare (National institute on drug abuse, 2020). Now the public can blame the pharmaceutical industry because their, the ones who prescribe and fill the medications but you can’t really blame them because they only fill and prescribe they don’t tell the recipient “oh yea why don’t you get addicted to this medication” because that would be against their code of conduct to tell someone get addicted to these painkillers. Instead a solution to not addicted is simple don’t let your mind take over your body meaning just because you are taking these prescribe painkillers doesn’t mean you have to keep taking them. When people are prescribe pain killers its obviously to subside the pain and make you not feel the pain. The painkiller only last a certain amount of time after it wears off your quick to pop some more but in reality you’re not subsiding the pain you just like the way it make you feel and that’s how you get addicted and want to try other drugs that make you “feel” good. Now painkillers aren’t the only drug that are prescribed to people who need them but this particular drug is prescribe by the pharmaceutical industries. The other drugs come from off the street you know the drug dealers. Like I said in my first paragraph the pharmaceutical industry wants to create a solution that will the limit the opioid addiction when it comes to being addicted to prescribed pain pills, hydrocodone pills, etc. In all reality it will take time, but another solution will be to stop the production of the painkillers, hydrocodone pills and any other medication along the line of being used than what it’s for. If you stop the production of making these medications’ then the opioid epidemic will start to slowly decrease. Now just because the pharmaceutical industry isn’t making the many medications people easily get addicted to there are still drugs out there for them to get a hold of and get easily addicted to. The next main argument will focus on another solution that focus on solving opioid addiction

Main argument #3 

In my last and final Argument, I will explain the solution to how the pharmaceutical industry can create a plan of how to stop the opioid epidemic or decrease the number of Addictions and deaths that occur while doing opioids. A part of the pharmaceutical industry is to see if the patient at high risk for Addiction. Meaning if the person who needs the medication is at high risk to become addicted they won’t be a candidate for the medication and instead will need an alternative medication or just an alternative to their treatment. A couple of alternatives would be; Reducing the flow of opioids. Lowering prescription rates is an important part of this solution, as it prevents a new generation of individuals from becoming exposed to and potentially dependent opioids. “Reducing opioid prescriptions is an important piece of the long-term solution but needs to be done in concert with accessible, affordable, and high-quality treatment.  This solution will be implemented in many pharmaceutical industries and hospitals because sometimes doctors are the ones who prescribe the medication. A way to prevent opioid addiction is to use a system that tracks opioid prescriptions so providers and pharmacists can identify patients who have multiple sources of the drug. Rural hospitals are working to offer treatment programs by pooling resources and partnering with other community-based programs. Pain management programs help people deal with chronic pain without relying on habit-forming pills, which can prevent opioid addiction (National rural health association, 2020).  Also taking note of how many pills are in each of the prescription bottles or pill packets and keep track of refills. If your child has been prescribed a medicine, be sure you control the medicine, and monitor dosages and refills. Be especially Vigilant with medicines that are known to be addictive and commonly abused by teens and adults, such as opioids, benzodiazepines and stimulants (Drug-free kids,2018). The Pharmaceutical industry has multiple ways of decreasing the opioid epidemic. Part of their job is to help people and educate the youth and the older population but mainly young adults because their ones that become more at risk at opioid addiction. Another helpful way to lower the addiction rate is for pharmacists across the country to require photo identification meaning when patients are picking up their opioid prescriptions at the pharmacy. This is required because an increasing number of cases of abuse have involved identity theft. This could be achieved by mandating that the patient’s identification be checked before accepting a claim for the prescription opioid medication. Encouraging referrals to multidisciplinary pain management programs and referral resources for addiction specialists is another option. In addition, although. Reimbursing for services such as routine urine drug test and referral to specialist may be more costly in the short-term, the ability of these services to help detect and correctly manage patients at risk for prescription opioid abuse may reduce costs in the long-term (American Health & drug benefits 2011). 

Refutation

In my refutation I will explain the pharmaceutical industry involvement in the opioid epidemic and explain the multiple ideas or solutions that would help and that the pharmaceutical industry came up with. The Pharmaceutical industry is a big corporation but it also has flaws within the industry. Some say the reason for the opioid epidemic is because big pharmaceutical industries are the ones who prescribe and fill the many medications some become hooked on and may possibly become an addict. Opioid manufactures are under fire for feeding the epidemic sweeping the nation. Hundreds of lawsuits filed from the local to the federal level accuse drug makers of misleading the public about the addictive properties of opioid painkillers. The suits additionally allege that drug makers exaggerating their benefits and urged doctors to over-prescribe for the sake of increasing revenue (Risk & Insurance, 2018). The counter position is valid in this source because if the pharmaceutical industry can prescribe and fill the medications for the person who need it then the pharmaceutical industry should be held accountable for the epidemic because maybe when someone has been prescribed a medication, are the pharmacists taking proper precaution to make sure the person isn’t at high risk for opioid addiction but also has the person ever abused drugs, has the person ever used this type of drug and many more questions. The physicians who order the drug and sends it to nearby pharmacists should also be held legally accountable also because they’re the ones who say whether or not the patient needs the medicine and or if the patient has ever abused drugs. The counter position is wrong because you can’t just put the blame on the pharmaceutical industries. The blame would have to come from the patient or whoever Is using the medication because only that person knows how much they should be taking and or if they’re really using it for pain or for the reason that it makes them feel good. Pharmacies have come up with multiple ways of limiting the use of opioids or help an opioid addict recover. The AMA opioid task force encourages physicians and pharmacies to take a couple of actions: Register the use state prescription drug monitoring programs, enhance education and training, Co-prescribe naloxone to patients at risk of overdose (AMA, 2020).  

Conclusion

 In my research paper I talk about the problems in which the pharmaceutical industry face and how the opioid epidemic stemmed from this industry but how the industry has come up with possible solutions to lessen the opioid addition. In all 3 of my main arguments I argue logical solutions that would help limit and or stop the opioid epidemic and possibly any opioid addiction you may have. In my main argument 1 one of the possible solutions is to limit the production of the drug so that the addicts who are hooked on the drug can’t receive it because it’s not being made any more. Part of this solution was to create an alternative that could possibly lessen the amount of addictions that occur. The alternative would result in programs that would slowly move you away from a toxic drug to a more natural state of healing process. I explain more in my other arguments but this was just what I felt the pharmaceutical industry could do to help with the epidemic. My audience being the pharmaceutical industry I feel they should learn the system of if someone is more at risk at becoming an addict of a very strong opioid don’t put them on that medicine but create or find an alternative or simply better way to not get them hooked so easily. To conclude this paper my solution(s) are to limit the production of that specific opioid that gets people hooked, create an alternative way of healing via programs of some sort, and know why or learn how to deal with an addict and take preliminary caution. 

Works Cited

Haffajee, Rebecca L., et al. “Drug Companies’ Liability for the Opioid Epidemic: NEJM.” New England Journal of Medicine, 5 Mar. 2020, www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp1710756.

Dwyer, Katie, et al. “6 Critical Risks Facing the Pharmaceutical Industry.” Risk & Insurance, 15 Apr. 2019, riskandinsurance.com/6-critical-risks-facing-pharmaceuticals/.

National Institute on Drug Abuse. “Opioid Overdose Crisis.” NIDA, 20 Feb. 2020, www.drugabuse.gov/drugs-abuse/opioids/opioid-overdose-crisis.

“Generic Opioid Companies Fueled the Overdose Crisis – Addiction Center.” AddictionCenter, 14 Aug. 2019, www.addictioncenter.com/news/2019/08/generic-drug-manufacturers-opioid-epidemic/.

“NRHA.” NRHA, National Rural Health Association, www.ruralhealthweb.org/blogs/ruralhealthvoices/july-2019/searching-for-solutions-to-the-rural-opioid-crisis.

“Protect Your Family from Heroin & the Opioid Epidemic.” Where Families Find Answers on Substance Use | Partnership for Drug-Free Kids, drugfree.org/article/protect-your-family-from-the-opioid-epidemic/?utm_source=medsafect&utm_medium=weblink&utm_campaign=medsafect.

Hahn, Kathryn L. “Strategies to Prevent Opioid Misuse, Abuse, and Diversion That May Also Reduce the Associated Costs.” American Health & Drug Benefits, Engage Healthcare Communications, LLC, Mar. 2011, www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4106581/.

Dwyer, Katie, et al. “6 Critical Risks Facing the Pharmaceutical Industry.” Risk & Insurance, 15 Apr. 2019, riskandinsurance.com/6-critical-risks-facing-pharmaceuticals/.

“Reversing the Opioid Epidemic.” American Medical Association, www.ama-assn.org/delivering-care/opioids/reversing-opioid-epidemic.

Paris Lee

English 1001-027

Exploratory Essay 

17 February 2020 

Exploratory Essay( Pharmacy) 

The topic that I want to discuss is being a Pharmacist. I recently just changed my mind on my job/career choice because I looked at the pay and everything that surround that job. The career I wanted to be in was being a mortician/funeral home director and some things I was looking at, I just didn’t think that would fit the type of lifestyle that I want and have. I’m mainly speaking about the pay because I compared the salary for both jobs and I leaned into becoming a Pharmacist. California has always been a place that I’ve always wanted to move to since I visited there. With moving there I hope to fulfill being a pharmacist.  Pharmacist job is pretty easy, a pharmacist dispenses prescription medications to patients and offers expertise in the safe use of Prescriptions. Pharmacists work in pharmacies, including those in drug, general merchandise, and grocery stores. They also work in hospitals and other healthcare facilities. A couple of questions I have about the job description is as follows; What’s the pay like? What’re the benefits? What’re the hours? Are you required to travel? What’s the work environment? How many jobs available? What training is required? How many opportunities does this job open up? Could you possibly open your own business? What are holidays and PTO (Paid time off)? Is it possible to move up in the business? How do you become a Pharmacist? How do Pharmacist fill the prescription drug? 

The first source at which I will be answering some of my questions is a government site so this site is going to have credible information, the information you can trust. The United States. Department of Labor. Bureau of Labor of statistics. “Pharmacist” BLS. 4 Sep.2019. https://www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/pharmacists.htm. The wage at which a Pharmacist is paid is very high. “The median annual wage for a pharmacist was $126,120 in May of 2018”. So between 2018 and in the past year, the median has probably gone up. The hourly pay at which they are paid is “$60.64 per hour. The work environment can vary depending on your preference and what you feel is more comfortable for you. Pharmacists work in various environments. They can work in Pharmacies and drug stores, Hospitals; state, local, and private, Food and beverage stores, and general merchandise. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $87,000, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $161,250. In May 2018, the median annual wages for pharmacist in the top industries in which they worked were as follows: General merchandise stores annual wage was $131,460, Food and Beverage stores annual wage was $130,140, Hospitals; State, local, and private annual wage was $127,330, and Pharmacies and drug stores annual wage was $124,760. A pharmacist has a wide range of how they want their schedule to be. Most Pharmacists work full time. Because many pharmacies are open at all hours, some pharmacist work nights and weekends. Full-time of duty (primarily between 7:00am-6:00pm) Monday thru Friday. May include varying days, evenings and nights with rotating weekends. The next source will come by a newspaper and this source will explain the job opportunities and how many jobs available. 

The source I will be using for this paragraph involves using a Newspaper. (March 18, 2013, Monday). Career Transition For Middle-Aged Professionals. Careerealism. Retrieved from https://advance.lexis.com/api/document?collection=news&id=urn:contentItem:580D-H831-F03R-N36H-00000-00&context=1516831. We all know that when it’s your last year of college and your fresh on the worksite you are looking for a job that was fit to your major you know what you were studying for and sometimes depending on what your career is depends on the job openings. Some jobs have early openings and some you may have to wait several weeks to months depending on the job outlook and how many employees the job has and needs. The average growth in jobs for pharmacists from 2010-2020 will be 30% and this was noted back in 2013 through the BLS occupational job outlook website so this might’ve changed seeing that it is 2020 now. The employment of pharmacists is projected to show little or no change from 2018 to 2028. Demand is projected to increase for pharmacists in a variety of healthcare settings, including hospitals and clinics. These facilities will need more pharmacists to oversee the medications given to patients and to provide patient care, doing tasks such as testing a patient’s blood sugar of cholesterol. The number of Pharmacy schools has grown in recent years, creating more pharmacy school graduates and therefore more competition for jobs. Students who choose to complete a residency program gain additional experience that may improve their job prospects. The source for my next paragraph will be a trade publication typically written by professionals. 

The source I will be using for this paragraph is called “Trade Publication” a trade publication is a source that is professionally written. There is a lot of advertisements, jargon in which you may see in a trade publication. A trade publication is short maybe 1-5 pages. Lucinda, L. M. “Specialized Training Puts Pharmacists Front and Center.” Drug Topics, vol. 160, no. 2, 2016, pp. 26. ProQuest, https://search.proquest.com/docview/1780167715?accountid=2909. In all jobs, you have to go through some type of training. In the mid 19th century, physicians played a key role in formalizing pharmacy education, because they were concerned with the quality of the drug products. They recognized the importance of ensuring the integrity of medicines, and they took the initiative in molding a profession with the skills and knowledge needed to prepare and distribute high-quality medications. Changes in education over the past 60 years have been noted and taken into consideration. A report came out in 1949 stating that “Pharmacy was making a turning point in education and practice.” The report recommended increasing prepharmacy coursework to increase both scientific rigor and general education requirements. In the early 1960s, the degree you had to get was between a 4-year BS to a 5-year degree. In California, schools did not make the transition to a 4-year-to-five-year BS transition; Instead, in the late 1950s, they introduced the six-year Doctor of Pharmacy curriculum, thereby ushering in clinical pharmacy movement. Many schools began to offer post-baccalaureate Pharm D degrees as well. In the late 1990s, A single degree standard affirmed that a Doctoral level of education was necessary for 21st-century pharmacy professionals.

The source I will be using for this paragraph is an “Academic Journal.” An academic journal is a peer-reviewed source it roughly about 15 to 30 pages in length. This source is very specific what you’re trying to find and they use academic language, very technical. Rostad, Ingrid S., et al. “Paid Sick Leave as a Means to Reduce Sickness Presenteeism among Physicians.” Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies, vol. 7, no. 2, 2017, pp. 71-85. ProQuest, https://search.proquest.com/docview/1917823098?accountid=2909. All jobs have some form of “employee benefits” but some jobs get more benefits than others. One aspect of the job I want to know is, are you paid when you are sick and the “employee benefits at which you may receive. In many countries, paid sick leave is an important means for improving employee health and organizational productivity Societies aim to sustain the productivity of their human resources by enabling workers to access medical care and follow the recommended treatment to facilitate faster recovery and illness prevention. Economic compensation for workdays lost was provided to workers who got providing social health insurance or national systems. A study among Swedish employees found that when insurance systems were more generous, the aggregate number of sick days increased, and when the system was more austere, the number fell. These results may indicate that employees working in countries with less generous insurance systems replace absenteeism with presenteeism due to the economy. Since pharmacists make the drugs and prescribe they get prescription drug coverage and Employee discounts. I’m positive pharmacists are awarded more benefits but the ones I explained the paragraph are the only ones I could find in the academic journal.

For my last source, I will refer back to a website just how I did in my first body paragraph. This source explains step by step how the prescription drugs are filled. “Pharmacy Association of Nova Scotia.” Filling a Prescription (Dispensing) | Pharmacy Association of Nova Scotia, pans.ns.ca/public/pharmacy-services/filling-prescription-dispensing. What does it mean to dispense medication? When you dispense, this includes all steps necessary to translate a medication order(prescription) into an individualized medication supply that is both safe and appropriate. The Pharmacist will ask if you have visited this Pharmacy before. If the answer is no, you will be asked to fill out a consent form. This event allows the pharmacist to fill your prescription. If the answer is Yes, they will ask for an identifier (birthday or home address). This allows for an easy search within the pharmacy’s computer system for your prescription records. All of the information you give to the pharmacist will allow them to personalize your medication counsel when medication is being picked up. A member of the pharmacy team will enter the prescription into the profile, checking the doctor’s information, medication/dose, indications from the prescriber, and quantity of the script. The medication bottle will be scanned and packaged with the Lot and Expiry. The medication is then counted for the designated quantity, labeled and handed off to the pharmacist to be checked. The pharmacist will perform a clinical check of your medication. After the clinical check is finished you be notified via phone, text, or email that your medication is ready for pickup.

Concluding my paper, I would like to say, some advice I may give people that potentially might be in my field is that if you are thinking about getting into this field of work, you have to be very focused and open-minded because you are dealing not only with people lives but also you are creating medicine for people to take. Some of the information I couldn’t find which wasn’t a lot.  I wasn’t able to find certain information because we used different sources that were broad on the information. This field and the information I was searching for were really easy to find because the description and the things you have to do as a pharmacist are straight forwarded when it comes to the knowledge of knowing the career/field. I didn’t have many challenges except just trying to find the right source to use when we had to use an Academic journal, trade publication, and Newspaper. My last and final thoughts are that if you’re looking to pursue your career in pharmacy, all I can say is you just have to love what you are doing because, if you don’t love what you are doing then you are going to hate your job and wish you were another career.

Works cited 

“Pharmacists : Occupational Outlook Handbook.” U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 4 Sept. 2019, www.bls.gov/ooh/healthcare/pharmacists.htm.

 (March 18, 2013 Monday). Career Transition for Middle-Aged Professionals. Careerealism. Retrieved from https://advance.lexis.com/api/document?collection=news&id=urn:contentItem:580D-H831-F03R-N36H-00000-00&context=1516831.

Lucinda, L. M. “Specialized Training Puts Pharmacists Front and Center.” Drug Topics, vol. 160, no. 2, 2016, pp. 26. ProQuest, https://search.proquest.com/docview/1780167715?accountid=2909.

Rostad, Ingrid S., et al. “Paid Sick Leave as a Means to Reduce Sickness Presenteeism among Physicians.” Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies, vol. 7, no. 2, 2017, pp. 71-85. ProQuest, https://search.proquest.com/docview/1917823098?accountid=2909.

“Pharmacy Association of Nova Scotia.” Filling a Prescription (Dispensing) | Pharmacy Association of Nova Scotia, pans.ns.ca/public/pharmacy-services/filling-prescription-dispensing.

Paris Lee 

English 1001-027

Rhetorical Analysis –Rough draft 1 

10 February 2020 

Inventing the University 

A. Summary 

 The Essay Dr. David Bartholomae writes about Inventing the University it makes a lot of key points and ideas when you sit and think what he is trying to convey to his readers. Bartholomae’s purpose is clear, he explains what must happen in order for the student who is attending that University, when writing an essay how it should be well put together but also is in a language of clear understanding for Professors who teach English to be able to understand the language of what the essay is talking about. Bartholomae gives a couple of examples of essay’s that were written and he examines and give points on how each any every essay had a problem and or didn’t fit the discourse community meaning didn’t have the language at which the Audience (Professors) would not understand. When writing for the University you want to write professional and have language that the University will understand. It’s the not the simple fact that students can write an essay and present it because anyone can write an essay, but the difference is can you write an essay to an academic discourse and be able to mimic the academic discourse meaning, to have the knowledge to speak in the language as them, to speak as the voice of the community. Bartholomae makes it very clear what students must do but also what Professors have to do in order for the students to replicate what they have been taught and produce it to the University. 

A. Purpose/Audience

After reading this Essay, the purpose looking at it now makes more since but if you was just it reading for the first time and not really knowing where this essay is going or what purpose it served for reading then you would think that this essay was unclear or seemed kind of muddled seeing that this essay was written in 1986 and it is now 2020. After reading it twice I gained the knowledge of what Dr. David Bartholomae’s. purpose was, he wants his Audience (fellow Academic writers) to know how one, the student should write when it is being presented or submitted to a University or even a Academic writer. Bartholomae is suggesting to the Academic Professors to teach their students the right way of writing when in a Discourse community and mimic the academic discourse meaning, to have the knowledge to speak in the language as them, to speak as the voice of the community.

B. Content Analysis

In the article, Dr. David Bartholomae writes specifically on the content of how students don’t know the difference between discourses when writing an essay and it is being presented to the discourse community. Bartholomae as a reader isn’t looking to see how the writer represents their skills demanded by the neutral language. He states “He has to learn to speak our language, to speak as we do, to try on the peculiar ways of knowing, selecting, evaluating, reporting, concluding, and arguing that define the discourse of our community” (Bartholomae 1). This idea he formed is the thesis that leads to the purpose of this article. Bartholomae examines 3 different essays written by 3 different people and in each essay, he states “The purpose of the remainder of the paper will be to examine some of the most striking and characteristic problems as they are presented in the essay” (9).

C. Organization, language, and style

At the beginning of the paper, the first few sentences you could tell what Bartholomae’s thesis is that would lead throughout the article. The structure Bartholomae portrayed in this article was deductive, meaning stating the thesis early in the paper. I feel the structure of his article is a little of Classical because he states his thesis early but also captures his audience being the academic writers, but there are some pieces in this article that would make it seem like it was Rogerian because he states the problem and voices how it can be resolved. He presents various essays written by different people and examines each one and says what the errors were in that essay and how it could be fixed to mimic the “discourse community” of the University. Bartholomae, when he wrote this article it was in 1986, so the language and some of the vocabulary I was seeing throughout the article was recurring but also it was a little bit difficult to understand because the he’s a college professor so he’s going to use terminology that an Academic writer may use.

D. Evidence

Dr. David Bartholomae relies on logic and reasoning as to what his purpose is in this article. Bartholomae, as I said previously in my other paragraphs, he examined a couple of essays and broke down the reason as to why each essay had an error. He didn’t just say “Oh that essay has a grammatical error, or punctuation is right”, he literally word by word, sentence by sentence checked if the student wrote and it was up to the “community” standards. Bartholomae says, “the stages of development that I’ve suggested are not necessarily marked by corresponding levels in the type of frequency of error, at least not by the type or frequency of sentence-level errors” (14). This leads back to what his purpose was, which is to get the attention of his audience (academic writers) to teach their students how to write in a “discourse community” and his evidence to his purpose was the various essays he read and explained what the errors were. 

E. Overall (close) Assessment

Dr. David Bartholomae, when writing this article he knew what his clear cut intentions were. He wrote this article directing his message to the academic writers of the University telling them that as academic writers you guys need to correct the errors that occur in the essays that students present or submit to the university when it involves the language at which it doesn’t mimic the language as if you as a professor was writing it.  I learned that as a student of a university, I must mimic the language and the way the community speaks within the discourse community. What stuck to me that Bartholomae said at the end of the article was “ It may very well be that some students will need to learn to crudely mimic “distinctive register” of academic discourse before they are prepared to actually and legitimately do the work of the discourse, and before they are sophisticated enough with the refinements of tone and gesture to do it with grace or elegance” (Bartholomae 17). 

 Conclusion

In conclusion, Dr. David Bartholomae wrote this article is that he was an academic writer of a university, he seen the numerous essays that were being submitted and observed that the students who were submitting them did not know the correct language or in other terms the correct discourse when writing for the university. His purpose is clear what should be the expectation of how academic writers should teach their students how to mimic the university and speak as if they are the community. The academic writers should teach their students how to find an authoritative voice when writing to the university.

Works cited 

Bartholomae, David. “Inventing the university.” Journal of Basic Writing, vol. 5, no. 1, 1986, pp.

4-23.

The Essay Dr. David Bartholomae writes about Inventing the University it makes a lot of key points and ideas when you sit and think what he is trying to convey to his readers. Bartholomae’s purpose is clear, he explains what must happen in order for the student who is attending that University, when writing an essay how it should be well put together but also is in a language of clear understanding for Professors who teach English to be able to understand the language of what the essay is talking about. Bartholomae gives a couple of examples of essay’s that were written and he examines and give points on how each any every essay had a problem and or didn’t fit the discourse community meaning didn’t have the language at which the Audience (Professors) would not understand. When writing for the University you want to write professional and have language that the University will understand. It’s the not the simple fact that students can write an essay and present it because anyone can write an essay, but the difference is can you write an essay to an academic discourse and be able to mimic the academic discourse meaning, to have the knowledge to speak in the language as them, to speak as the voice of the community. Bartholomae makes it very clear what students must do but also what Professors have to do in order for the students to replicate what they have been taught and produce it to the University. 

Be yourself; Everyone else is already taken.

— Oscar Wilde.

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